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中文摘要：
极端微生物是一类适应极端环境相对隔离进化的微生物，占据对生命而言接近极限的生态位，在形态结构、生理生化、分子进化机制等方面具有特殊性．文中综述了极端微生物的分布和分类特点，对嗜热、嗜冷、嗜酸、嗜碱、嗜盐和嗜压微生物等六大类群分别进行描述，并分别叙述了其具有的极端环境活性物质和应用价值．
英文摘要：
Extremophilic microorganisms are special kinds of beings adapted to extreme environment with isolated evolution relevantly. Their ecology environment is nearly extreme. They have special of structure, physiology traits and molecular evolution mechanisms. Studying the diversity of extremophiles, including thermophiles, psychrophiles,acidophiles, alkaliphiles, barophiles and halophiles, were summarized in this paper. Extremophiles can produce extre-condition enzymes and new biological activated products. Many enzymes have been produced in industrial and applied in practice.
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