中文摘要：

针对在低于0℃的环境中。质子交换膜燃料电池中的结冰问题。提出了燃料电池0℃以下保存和启动的技术难题。简述了0℃以下质子交换膜燃料电池中水结冰对质子交换膜、催化层、扩散层等电池材料与部件的影响，并对国内外燃料电池0℃以下保存和启动策略研究进展作了简单介绍。概述了保持电池内部温度大于0℃、有辅助装置的0℃以下保存和启动以及无辅助装置的0℃以下完全自启动三种解决办法。提出了在材料研究的基础上展开电堆启动策略的研究。实现电堆0℃以下自启动。

英文摘要：

The technical challenge is encountered when water in proton exchange fuel cells freezes at sub-zero temperature. The effect of ice formation in proton exchange fuel cells on materials and components such as proton exchange membrane, catalyst layer, diffusion layer, etc, has been reviewed in this paper. The cold start-up strategies for fuel cells at sub-zero temperature are briefly introduced. In addition, keeping internal temperature of cells above zero, cold start-up with assistance and without assistance are summarized to solve the challenge. It is suggest that for the stacks starting up below zero without assistance, the research on the cold start-up strategies should be developed based on the materials research.