中文摘要：

目的探讨农村中小学生自我意识水平及其相关因素,为学校和家庭开展针对性教育提供依据。方法分层整群抽取安徽省合肥市长丰县1 636名在校中小学生,利用自编调查表、Piers-Haris儿童自我意识量表和少儿艾森克个性问卷进行调查。结果男生自我意识总分为（51.66±10.50）分,女生为（50.59±10.52）分,男生自我意识水平明显高于女生;小学生自我意识总分为（50.74±9.89）分,初中生为（51.42±10.92）分,2者差异无统计学意义;但在躯体外貌与属性、焦虑、幸福与满足3个因子差异有统计学意义。多元线性回归分析表明,学生个性、父亲外出打工、家庭和睦程度和经济状况、学习成绩、好友个数、与同学和老师的关系（P〈0.05）是中小学生自我意识影响因素。结论学生个性、家庭和学校环境对农村中小学生自我意识的形成和发展起重要作用。

英文摘要：

Objective To probe into the self- concept and corresponding factors of pupils and middle school students in the countryside, so as to provide the evidence for education program. Methods 1636 pupils and middle school students were selected by stratified cluster sampling in Changfeng county of Hefei. All subjects were asked to fill in the Children＇ s Selfconcept Scale, Eysenck personality questionnaire and general state questionnaire. Results The average self - concept scores of boys and girls were（51.66 ± 10.50）and（50.59± 10.52）respectively, and the score of the boys was significantly higher than that of the girls. The self - concept score of pupils was （ 50.74 ± 9.89）, and that of the middle school students was （51.42 ± 10.92）. There was no significant difference in average self - concept scores, but there were significant differences in body and outward appearance, anxiety, happiness and satisfaction between the pupils and the middle school students. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the self - concept of pupils and middle school students was influenced by individual character, father＇s working out of home town, family harmony and economic status of family, learning scores, friends, relationship with classmates and teachers（ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The individual character, environment of family and school play important parts in the forming and developing of self - concept of pupils and middle school students in the countryside.