中文摘要：

自然崇拜、图腾崇拜和灵魂崇拜是怒族原始崇拜的主要形式，不仅是险恶的自然环境和低下的生产力水平状态下社会生活的重要方式，而且还作为他们精神生活的一个重要载体。其中所蕴含的“万物有灵”、“自然造人”、“灵魂不灭”等观念反映出怒族对自然、社会以及事物本质属性等问题的能动认识，是他们哲学意识的集中表现。

英文摘要：

Nature worship, totem worship, and spiritual worship, the main forms of Nu people＇s primitive worship, are not only the main forms of social life in the sinister environment and low productivity but their main spiritual vehicle. The concept of ＂animism＂, ＂nature- made man ＂ and ＂immortality of soul＂ in the worships reveal Nu people＇s initiative for the nature, society and the property of things, which is the demonstration of their philosophical awareness.