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中文摘要：
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）研究一直致力于解释为什么遭受同样的重大创伤事件，只有一小部分人发展成PTSD。发现这些个体差异性对于PTSD的筛选和治疗都具有重要意义。目前研究认为恐惧消退可以作为一种简易可识别的标准，用来表示PTSD患者和正常个体之间的差异。具体表现在恐惧消退的前额叶-杏仁核环路上差异：PTSD患者促进恐惧消退的环路表达受到抑制，而促进恐惧表达的一条环路被激活以及基因分子机制的多样性。基于这些差异性，最新研究提出了恐惧消退治疗的前额叶-杏仁核功能康复正常化理论。本文就此作一综述。
英文摘要：
Objective Researches on posttraumatic stress disorder have been devoted to explain why encountering the same accident,but only a few people will get posttraumatic stress disorder（PTSD）. The differences between these individuals and normal people are important for screening and treating of PTSD. Current studies suggest that fear extinction can be used as a simple identification standard, which is used to indicate the difference between PTSD patients and normal individuals. The differences in fear extinction prefrontal-amygdala circuit ：in PTSD patients brain, their circuit of promoting fear extinction are inhibited, while the circuit of promote fear expression is activated. Based on these differences, the theory of treatment on prefrontal-amygdala circuit had been put forward in latest researches and it was reviewed in this article.
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