中文摘要：

综述了大气光学湍流探测技术的最新进展,对近年来光学湍流探测设备进行简要总结。通过对光学湍流特征参数的介绍,分析了大气光学湍流探测在天文观测中日趋重要的作用。重点介绍了微温脉动仪、DIMM、MASS、SCIDAR等技术的原理与观测。总结国内大气光学湍流探测技术的现状,展望其在天文领域应用的未来发展趋势。

英文摘要：

It is known that the effects of optical turbulence are important to astronomical observation.Therefore,a brief review about the latest detection technology of atmospheric optical turbulence is given here. In this paper,the parameters of atmospheric turbulence are introduced,such as optical turbulence profile,coherence length,coherence time,isoplanatism angle and outer scale,those are important to adaptive optics observations. A summarization is given to the principles and observation of DIMM,MASS,SCIDAR and Micro-Thermometry.DIMM is a portable instrument for detection of optical turbulence,but it only senses the whole atmosphere.MASS can subdivide the whole atmosphere into 6 thick layers, e.g.0.5,1,2,4,8,16 km,and the turbulence intensity in each layer is measured.Turbulence of the ground layer can be measured by combining MASS and DIMM.The SCIDAR technique provides the profile of the optical turbulence and the velocity of the turbulent layers,the single star SCIDAR is a portable version of the SCIDARs,it can be installed on small telescopes.The refractive index variations arise directly from temperature fluctuations and can be measured by using the temperature fluctuations.Microthermal sensors are equipped to mast or balloons,the former only detect the near-ground turbulence,and the latter can get the profile of the whole atmosphere turbulence and wind. Finally,we summarize the development of detection technology of atmospheric optical turbu- lence in China.