中文摘要：

采用粉末冶金铁基触媒在六面顶压机上高温高压合成金刚石。使用高性能金相显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对合成之后触媒的组织结构进行系统的表征。试验发现，触媒组织主要由粗大的板条状初生渗碳体和细密的共晶莱氏体构成；金刚石生长效果不好时，触媒组织中夹杂有团絮状石墨。分析认为，初生渗碳体极有可能就是金刚石生长的直接碳源，即高温高压下溶解于触媒熔体的石墨首先与触媒合金形成碳化物，在触媒的催化作用下，碳原子自渗碳体脱溶，沉积到金刚石表面，完成金刚石的生长。

英文摘要：

The synthesizing diamond experiment was carried out at six-anvil high pressure apparatus with iron-based catalyst made by powder metallurgy. The microstructure of synthesized catalyst was investigated by means of optics microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that the metallographic microstructure of catalyst is composed of coarse lathy original cementite and compact eutectic ledeburite. Much block graphite can be found in catalyst structure corresponding to poor quality and few yield of diamond. In general, it is very possible that the original cementite in catalyst is the direct carbon source of diamond. The process can be described as below. the graphite will firstly dissolve into the molten catalyst and form carbide with catalyst alloy at high temperature and high pressure. The carbon atom groups separate from cementite, then deposit on the growing diamond crystals to make them grow up.