中文摘要：

石油降解菌对海岸带溢油的生物修复起着非常关键的作用.从青岛第二海水浴场附近采集天然海水,以原油作为唯一碳源富集石油降解菌,并通过PCR-RFLP技术对富集菌群的结构进行了分析.结果表明,天然海水中石油降解菌主要分布在变形菌门,主要的优势菌属于变形菌纲的α和γ类群.优势菌为食碱菌科Alcanivoraceae（24.73%）,红螺菌科Rhodospirillaceae（18.27%）,鞘脂单胞菌科Sphingomonadaceae（13.98%）和假单胞菌科Pseudomonadaceae（10.75%）.将克隆子测序结果通过NCBI比对,发现16SrDNA克隆文库中只有57.01%的测序结果可以在NCBI中找到相似度大于97%的菌株,表明天然海水中存在部分未被人类分类培养和鉴定的石油降解菌.

英文摘要：

Petroleum degrading bacteria play a key role in bioremediation of oil spill in coastal zone. Natural seawater collected from the Second Seawater Bathing Beach in Qingdao is used as the sole carbon source to enrich petroleum degrading bacteria, and the structure of the enriched bacteria is analyzed by PCR-RFLP. α-Proteobacteria and γ-Proteobacteria are main bacteria in natural seawater, Alcanivoraceae（24. 73%）, Rhodospirillaceae（18. 27%） , Sphingomonadaceae（13. 98%）and Pseudomonadaceae（10. 75%）are the most predominant bacteria in natural seawater. The result of NCBI sequencing shows that in the 16S rDNA clone library, only 57. 01% of the clones can be found in the NCBI, and the strain similarity is more than 97%,and some petroleum degrading bacteria have not yet been cultured, classified, and identified in natural seawater.