中文摘要：

可注射骨替代材料可经皮注射治疗骨缺损，包括有机植骨材料和无机植骨材料，其中一些材料还可做为载体与细胞复合形成组织工程化复合材料进行注射植骨，提高植骨融合率。发展可注射性骨替代材料为骨科一些相关疾病治疗开辟一条新途径。文章分3部分介绍了有机植骨替代材料、无机植骨替代材料和骨组织工程载体材料的生物学特性和临床应用。骨组织工程研究尽管已取得初步成效，仍面临许多难题，例如，细胞外基质材料的选择和制备、细胞与载体的复合和移植等，均有待进一步研究。

英文摘要：

Injectable bone substitutes can repair bone defect via percutaneous injection, including organic bone graft materials and inorganic bone graft materials. Furthermore, some materials considered as vector can composite with cells to generate tissue engineering materials, which are injected into bone graft to improve fusion rate. The development of injectable bone substitutes provides a new way to treat some relative diseases. Here, the article was divided three parts to introduce biological characteristics and clinical application of organic bone substitute materials, inorganic bone substitute materials, and bone tissue engineering vector materials. Although bone tissue engineering research achieves some effects initially, there are still a lot of problems, such as collection and preparation of extracellular matrix materials, composite and transplantation of cell and vector; all of them need to be further studied.