中文摘要：

焊接变形预测中,为解决固有应变施加现有方法中存在的问题,依据初应变荷载的特性与有限元理论基础,提出一种施加固有应变的简易方法,即初应变荷载法。列出了初应变荷载法施加固有应变的具体步骤,并以对接焊接为例进行了验证,同时简述了初应变荷载计算固有应变等效荷载的方法。研究表明：初应变荷载法操作简单、容易掌握;能有效地施加固有应变,并确保焊接变形的计算精度;可以施加固有应变的剪切应变分量,且无需对塑性应变进行大量的积分;要求原模型与研究对象模型位于塑性区的单元具有相同的拓扑关系和单元尺寸。

英文摘要：

To resolve the problems of conventional methods for applying inherent strain in predicting welding distortion,a simplified method, namely initial strain load method, was proposed for applying inherent stain according to the characteristics and related finite element theory of initial strain load. Meanwhile, the specific steps of the proposed method were listed and an example was given for the verification. At last, a technique was briefly introduced for calculating the equivalent load of inherent strain. The results show that： the method proposed in the research is simple and easy. It is effective to apply the inherent strain,which can ensure high calculation accuracy of welding distortion; and it is available for applying the shear component of inherent strain without substantial integration of plastic strain; but the method requiring the element in the plastic zone of the original model and object model has the same topological relation and element size.