中文摘要：

随着廉价劳动力、土地、资源等传统要素红利的逐步丧失，中国经济迎来了转型的关键时期。但传统比较优势的路径依赖不仅有可能使中国陷入“比较优势陷阱”，如若不长远谋划，积极构建新的动态比较优势，亦有可能使中国整体经济陷入“转型陷阱”。通过对“比较优势陷阱”形成的原因以及动态比较优势形成机制的分析，可以看出，动态比较优势的形成，需要利用资本、劳动力等初始要素，通过干中学机制和创新机制，在政府的间接作用下，实现技术进步、产业结构升级、人力资源优化配置和规模经济。因此，中国在现阶段实施以下战略可以捕获新的动态比较优势：（1）实施从“劳动力资源向人力资本优势转化”的战略；（2）加快进行“生产配套能力的整合，实施产业融合”的战略；（3）努力推进“潜在技术优势培育”的战略；（4）促进金融资本与产业资本的融合，加快确立“货币优势”的战略；（5）充分发挥“大国综合优势”，实施产业优化升级的战略。

英文摘要：

With the loss of traditional comparative advantage （labor, land, and other recourses）, China is facing a critical situation in transition. In order to avoid getting trapped of traditional comparative advantage, it is very important for China to utilize some new dynamic comparative advantages. This needs to take advantage of the capital, labor, and other basic productive factors, improve the innovation mechanism and learning by doing, give full play to the government＇s promoting mechanism. This paper argues that China may capture new dynamic comparative advantages by implementing the following strategies. The first strategy is to implement the strategy of transformation from the labor-resource advantage to the human-capital advantage. The second is to accelerate the integration of supporting production capacity, implement the strategy of industrial integration. The third is to make efforts to promote the potential technical advantages. The fourth is to establish the monetary advantage and promote the integration of financial capital and industrial capital. The last is to bring out the potentials of China＇s comprehensive advantage as a large country and achieve the goal of industrial upgrading.