中文摘要：

三位科学家共享2014年诺贝尔物理奖,表彰他们发明蓝色发光二极管.这项发明引发了固体照明革命,LED正在照亮我们的世界,造福于全人类.本文追溯了氮化镓材料和蓝色发光二极管的发展历史,回顾了重要的历史事件.Ⅲ簇氮化物是直接带隙半导体材料,发光范围紫外到红外,覆盖整个可见光区,是理想的光电器件材料.同时,具有优越的物理性质,在高温、高能、高频微波器件以及高压电子电力器件都有广泛的应用.

英文摘要：

2014 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded jointly to three scientists for the invention of efficient blue light- emitting diodes,which leads a revolution of solid state lighting. Now LED is illuminating the world and benefiting of the mankind. This paper traced the evolution of blue LED from the earliest Ga N growth,and reviews the important historic achievement of LED development. III- nitrides are direct band- gap semiconductors,with its emission wavelength covering the whole spectrum from ultraviolet,visible to infrared. They are ideal material to fabricate optoelectronic devices. And because of exceptional physical properties,they are also suitable for application in high- speed and high- power electronic devices.