中文摘要：

土地利用／土地覆被变化及其环境效应研究成为当前土地变化科学研究的热点领域。我国西南喀斯特山区山高坡陡，地形破碎，土壤侵蚀严重，不合理的土地利用方式是造成喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀的主要人文因素。本文采用“3S”技术和RUSLE模型，分析了近30年来贵州省猫跳河流域土地利用／覆被变化的时空特征，模拟了不同土地利用空间格局下的土壤侵蚀状况，探讨了土地利用变化对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明：近30年来流域内土地利用／覆被发生了显著变化，1973年～1990年，水田、灌木林、其他林地、灌草地均在减少，旱地、有林地、水域、建设用地、裸岩地均在增加；1990年～2002年，水田、有林地、灌木林、灌草地、水域、城镇农村居民点建设用地均明显增加．旱地和裸岩地均大幅度减少。流域土壤侵蚀模数由1973年的30．88t／（hm^2·年）上升到1990年的35．08t／（hm^2·年），2002年下降到28．16t／（hm^2·年）。旱地和灌草地是流域发生土壤侵蚀的主要土地利用类型。封山育林、植树造林和退耕还林，减少陡坡旱地，是流域进行水土流失治理的有效措施。

英文摘要：

Land use and cover change （LUCC） and its environmental effects are the central research topics of Land Change Science （LCS）. In fragile karst geological environments such as in southwest China, which are characterized by extremely poor soil cover, low rates of soil formation, and highly fragmented terrain and physiognomy, as well as inappropriate and intensive land use, soil erosion is a serious problem. Inappropriate land use is the main factor that has caused soil erosion in this area. Guizhou, in southwestern China, covers an area of 17.6× 10^4 km^2 and is located in the center of southwestern China＇ s karst mountains, with about 73 % of the total area covered with typical karst landscapes. Soil erosion and the resultant rocky desertification, termed ＂cancer of the earth＂ in karst areas, has been a key obstacle to sustainable development. Using GIS/RS technology and the RUSLE model, we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of land use change and simulated soil erosion under different land use patterns in order to explore the relationship between land use and soil erosion over the past 30 years in the Maotiao River watershed of Guizhou Province. The results show that there was an obvious change in land use in the study area. During 1973 - 1990, paddy field, shrubland and shrub-grassland decreased, while dry farmland, forestland, water bodies, and forestland, shrubland, shrub- built-up land and bare rock increased. grassland, water bodies, and built-up During 1990 - 2002, paddy field, land notably increased, while dry farmland and bare rock decreased sharply. At the same time, the annual soil erosion modulus increased to 35.08 t/（hm^2·a） in 1990 from 30.88 t/（hm^2·a）in 1973 and then decreased to 28.16 t/（hm^2·a） in 2002. Dry farmland and shrub-grassland are the key land use types to target for soil erosion control in the study area. Therefore, the effective measures for controlling soil erosion in the watershed includes policies which require afforestation of all farmla