中文摘要：

微小RNA（miRNAs）是最近发现的由18-24个核苷酸组成的RNA,通过对目标mRNA的抑制而发挥重要的调节作用。目前所有已研究的多细胞真核生物表明它们是通过miRNAs来调节细胞基本的生理功能,这些功能包括细胞的增殖、分化和死亡。本文讨论了miRNAs在调节细胞增殖和凋亡方面的功能：其中,抗凋亡的miRNAs有miR-17家族、miR-21、bantam和miR-14;促凋亡的miRNAs有let-7、miR-15a和miR-16。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a recently discovered class of 18 - 24 nucleotide RNA molecules that negatively regulate target mRNAs. All studied muhicellular eukaryotes utilise miRNAs to regulate basic cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and death. In this review, we will discuss the function of miRNAs that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Antiapoptotic miRNAs include the miRNAs of the miR-17 cluster, miR-21, bantam and miR-14, Proapoptotic miRNAs include let-7, miR- 15a and miR-16.