中文摘要：

本文从儿童用药供给的现状出发，通过文献研究和专家访谈分析儿童用药有效供给的制约因素，应用解释结构模型分析制约因素间的结构层次关系。结果表明，制约儿童用药有效供给不足的因素共有9个，其中企业没有合理利润是最直接原因，研发成本高、临床试验基础薄弱、市场不稳定、医保无政策倾斜以及用药不规范是中间层因素，相关法律法规缺失、招标采购政策壁垒以及临床试验受试者缺乏是问题的根源。

英文摘要：

From the perspective of current status of drug supply for children, the article analyzed the restraining factors for the effective drug supply for children by literature view and expert interview and analyzed the structural and hierarchical relation among restraining factors by interpretative structural modeling. We found 9 factors for the inefficient drug supply for children, among which the most direct reason is the lack of rational profit of companies ; high research cost, weak foundation of clinical trial, unstable market, the absence of preferential policy of medical insurance and nonstandard drug administration are intermediary factors ; the lack of relevant laws and regulations, barriers of purchasing by invitation to bid and the lack of subjects for clinical trials are the root causes of the problem.