中文摘要：

为了解崂山湾浮游植物群落年际变化特征,在该海域设置了14个监测站位,于2012年-2014年每年3,5,8,11月采用浅水Ⅲ型浮游生物网进行了12个航次调查,并同步监测其它环境因子。共鉴定浮游植物127种,隶属于硅藻、甲藻、金藻、蓝藻、绿藻5大门类25科47属,其中硅藻16科36属105种,占种类数的82.7%;甲藻6科8属19种,占种类数的15.0%;金藻、蓝藻、绿藻各1科1属1种。优势种季节更替明显,3月份主要优势种为冰河拟星杆藻、中肋骨条藻和加拉星杆藻等,5月优势种为夜光藻、尖刺拟菱形藻和密联角毛藻等,8月优势种为三角角藻、尖刺拟菱形藻和派格棍形藻等,11月份优势种为虹彩圆筛藻、派格棍形藻和冰河拟星杆藻,浮游植物群落年际相似性在42%水平聚类分为春夏秋冬四大类群。浮游植物丰度季节更替明显,上下半年均有一个高峰期,上半年高峰期出现在3月,平均丰度169.2×104cell/m3,下半年高峰期在8月,平均丰度51.8×104cell/m3。绝大部分时间浮游植物丰度由近岸向远海呈递减趋势,高值区出现在田横岛西侧和鳌山卫东北面的内湾处,低值区位于远离崂山湾的外侧海域。群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均2.305（1.829—2.745）,Margalef丰富度指数平均0.987（0.634—1.507）,Pielou均匀度指数平均0.675（0.466—0.815）。浮游植物丰度很大程度上取决于硅藻丰度,二者均与盐度、铵盐、叶绿素a、N/P呈极显著正相关（P〈0.01）,与p H和无机氮显著正相关（P〈0.05）,而与水温呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。甲藻丰度与无机氮和铵盐含量呈显著负相关（P〈0.05）。物种多样性指数与化学需氧量显著正相关（P〈0.05）,与无机氮、总磷和活性磷酸盐显著负相关（P〈0.05）。

英文摘要：

Based on 12 cruises at 14 stations from May 2012 to March 2015, spatio-temporal distribution of net-collected phytoplankton and its relationship with other environmental factors in Laoshan Bay, Qingdao, of Shandong Peninsula, were studied. Phytoplankton were vertically hauled using type-Ⅲstanding phytoplankton net （mesh size 76μm, a standard sampling tool in marine phytoplankton studies in China）. Water temperature, salinity, COD, pH, Chl a, inorganic nitrogen, active phosphorus, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were recorded in-situ synchronously. Totally, 127 species of phytoplankton belonging to 47 genera of 5 phyla were recognized. Bacillariophyta and Phrrophyta were the dominants for taking 36 and 8 genera, 105 and 19 species, accounting for 82.7% and 15.0% of the total taxa, respectively. Only 1 species for each of Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, and Chlorophyta was found. Asterionopsis glacialis, Skeletonema costatum, and Asteroplanus karianus were the most abundant species in March, whereas Noetiluca scintillans, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, and Chaetoceros densus in May, Ceratium tripos, Pseudo-nitzsckia pungens, and Baeillaria paxillifera in August, and Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis, Baeillaria paxillifera, and Asterionopsis glacialis in November. CUSTER and MDS ordination analyses showed, the phytoplankton community could be divided into four groups at 42% similarity. The distribution and abundance of phytoplankton varied remarkably in season, showing two peaks in March and August, with cell abundance of phytoplankton at 169.2×10^4 and 51.8×10^4ell/m^3, respectively. The cell abundance of phytoplankton gradually decreased with the distance away from coast. The higher value was observed in coastal water to the west of Tianheng Island and the northeast of Aoshanwei, whereas the lower ones occurred in the offshore area of Laoshan Bay. The means of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness, and Pielou evenness were 2.305 （1.829-2.745）, 0.987 （0.634-1.507） and 0.675 （0.466-0.815）, r