中文摘要：

使用的分子的研究跟踪 DNA，例如从博物馆，标本，古老或法庭的样品和样品 noninvasively 获得了，经常有 DNA 模板的低质量的一个普通问题。扩大错误例如突变而产生之遗传的退学学生和假等位基因，可以用如此的样品在聚合酶链反应(PCR ) 期间产生。有差别地对待同质接合体和异质接合体的一个数学模型被开发了测量样品质量并且计算使用多重试管的途径的信心水平。我们使用从 26 单个四川收集的拔的头发样品翘鼻子猴子(Rhinopithecus roxellana ) 到测试模型。在这种情况中， 99% 罐头的信心水平被三积极 PCR 完成。如果样品质量是很差的并且要求许多 PCR 复制，一个其他的多重步的 genotyping 方法被推荐。这个模型使研究人员能通过预研项目优化试验性的协议并且用 noninvasive 采样方法获得可靠基因信息。

英文摘要：

Molecular studies using trace DNA, such as from museum specimens, ancient or forensic samples and samples obtained noninva- sively, often have a common problem of low quality of DNA templates. Amplification errors, such as allelic dropout and false allele, may arise during polymerase chain reaction （PCR） using such samples. A mathematical model which treats homozygotes and heterozygotes discdminately has been developed to measure sample quality and compute the confidence level of using multiple- tube approaches. We use plucked hair samples collected from 26 individual Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus roxel- lana） to test the model. In this case, a confidence level of 99% can be achieved by three positive PCRs. If the sample quality is very poor and requires many PCR replicates, an alternative multiple-step genotyping method is recommended. This model enables researchers to optimize experimental protocols through pilot studies and obtain reliable genetic information using noninvasive sampling method.