中文摘要：

与汽油发动机相比,柴油发动机具有热效率高、CO2排放低、寿命长、续航距离远和经济性好等优点,可大大缓解能源短缺,降低CO2排放量.因此,机动车柴油化是当前发展趋势.然而,柴油发动机在使用过程中会排放大量炭烟颗粒物,对人体危害极大.因此,控制炭烟颗粒排放成为环境催化研究的重点之一.炭烟颗粒物催化燃烧反应是典型的固（炭烟颗粒）-固（催化剂）-气（O2）多相催化反应.三维有序大孔氧化物（3DOM）具有大孔径和内部贯通的孔道结构,能有效提高炭烟颗粒与催化活性中心的接触性能.同时,纳米Au颗粒在大孔氧化物表面的负载可有效提高催化剂本征活性,但纳米Au颗粒催化剂热稳定性较差.CeO2具有较好的储放氧性能,可与贵金属活性组分发生相互作用,从而提高贵金属纳米颗粒的分散度和稳定性.因此,本文从柴油炭烟颗粒物催化燃烧反应本质出发,设计制备了高炭烟燃烧催化活性的3DOM氧化物担载Au基催化剂,研究了Au与CeO2强相互作用对炭烟燃烧活性的影响.采用胶体晶体模板法制备3DOM Al2O3载体,由微孔膜氨沉淀法制备CeO 2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂,以还原-沉积法制备Au/3DOM Al2O3和Au/CeO2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂,并利用扫描电镜、N2物理吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、透射电镜、紫外漫反射光谱、H2程序升温还原和X射线光电子能谱等手段对催化剂形貌、比表面积、物理化学性质和氧化还原性进行了表征.结果表明,在CeO2/3DOM Al2O3中,Al^（3＋）可进入到氧化铈晶格内,形成Al-Ce-O固溶体,产生氧空位,这有利于氧物种转移.此外,Au/CeO2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂中Au和CeO2之间的强相互作用能增加Au纳米颗粒表面活性氧物种数量,从而促进柴油炭烟燃烧反应.纳米颗粒Au的担载使得催化柴油炭烟燃烧的起燃温度明显降低,其中Au/CeO2/3DOM Al2O3催化剂表现出最高的催化活性,T（10）,T（50）和T（90）分别为273,

英文摘要：

Au/3DOM（three-dimensionally ordered macroporous） Al2O3 and Au/CeO2/3DOM Al2O3 were prepared using a reduction-deposition method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy,N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,temperature-programmed hydrogen reduction,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.Au nanoparticles of similar sizes were well dispersed and supported on the inner walls of uniform macropores.The norminal Au loading is 2%.Al-Ce-O solid solution in CeO2/3DOM Al2O3 catalysts can be formed due to the incorporation of Al^3＋ ions into the ceria lattice,which causes the creation of extrinsic oxygen vacancies.The extrinsic oxygen vacancies improved the oxygen-transport properties.The strong metal-support interactions between Au and CeO2 increased the amount of active oxygen on the Au nanoparticle surfaces,and this promoted soot oxidation.The activities of the Au-based catalysts were higher than those of the supports（Al2O3 or CeO2/3DOM Al2O3） at low temperature.Au/CeO2/3DOM Al2O3 had the highest catalytic activity for soot combustion,with T（10）,T（50）,and T（90） values of 273,364,and 412℃,respectively.