中文摘要：

【目的】建立喀斯特地形区的水稻土壤养分丰缺指标,根据其制定水稻施肥指标体系并对其效用性进行验证,以期根据喀斯特地形区土壤的矿质养分含量进行合理配肥,达到合理施肥、节约资源、保护环境、增收增效的目的。【方法】利用丰缺指标法,对广西喀斯特地形区44个水稻＂3414＂试验的数据进行整理并统计分析,最后以相对产量65%、71%、77%、83%和90%,将本地区土壤中的全氮、速效钾划分为6个等级,有效磷划分为5个等级,并利用三元二次方程、一元二次方程、线性加平台数学模型对每个试验点进行最佳施肥量的模拟,利用对数模型在44个试验点的土壤全氮、速效钾、有效磷和与其相对应的水稻最佳氮肥、钾肥、磷肥施用量之间建立土壤矿质元素与水稻最佳施肥量之间的回归方程。然后基于此方程对10个水稻田间验证试验区以最佳施肥量进行施肥,对试验中水稻苗期的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、CAT酶活性、SOD酶活性、POD酶活性进行测量,最后对水稻的株高、公顷有效穗数、每穗粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重、水稻产量等农艺性状进行考种,以验证测土配方施肥量的效用性。【结果】根据试验点土壤主要养分含量以及每个试验点的最佳施肥量建立测土配方施肥指标体系,其中六个等级的土壤全氮含量为1.21-1.28、1.28-1.75、1.75-2.21、2.21-2.67,2.67-3.22、〉3.22 g/kg,对应的施肥量分别为234-241、202-234、178-202、158-178、139-158、0-139 kg/hm^2;5个等级的土壤有效磷含量为3.5-5.50、5.50-11.7、11.7-17.85、17.85-25.00、〉25.00 mg/kg,对应的磷肥施用量分别为95-110、70-95、55-70、44-55、0-44 kg/hm^2;6个等级的土壤速效钾含量为6.99-19.50、19.50-37.10、37.10-54.60、54.60-72.10、72.10-92.50、〉92.50 mg/kg,对应的钾肥施用量为146-191、117-146、101-117、89-101、78-89、0-78 kg/hm^2。验证试验中测土?

英文摘要：

【Objectives】Fertilization Indexes System was set up in Karst areas,the recommended rice fertilization system was then put forward and the reliability was verified,for the aim of high efficiency resources use and yield.【Method】Forty four sets of the＂3414＂field experiment results were counted in the karst area of Guangxi province in China. The relative yields of 65%,71%,77%,83% and 90% were used to divide the soil mineral N and readily available K into 6 grades,available P into 5 grades. The optimum N,P and K fertilizer rates wereseparately calculated using mathematics models of QEV3,QEV1 and LPP. Logarithmic models were used to simulate the correlation between the soil mineral nutrient contents and the optimum fertilizer rates. Ten fields were chosen for verification tests and laboratory analysis. The chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid contents,the activity of CAT,POD and SOD were tested at seedling stage. The yield components of rice and yield were investigated finally.【Result】The 6 grades of soil mineral N availability are 1. 21-1. 28,1. 28-1. 75,1. 75-2. 21,2. 21-2. 67,2. 67-3. 22 and 〉3. 22 g / kg,the corresponding N fertilizer rates are set as： 234- 241,202- 234,178- 202,158-178,139-158 and 0-139 kg / hm^2 respectively. The 5 grades of soil mineral P availability are 3. 5-5. 50,5. 50-11. 70,11. 70-17. 85,17. 85-25. 00 and〉 25. 00 mg / kg,the corresponding P2O5 fertilizer rates are 95-110,70-95,55-70,44-55 and 0-44 kg / hm^2 respectively. The 6 grades of soil mineral K availability are 6. 99-19. 50,19. 50-37. 10,37. 10- 54. 60,54. 60- 72. 10,72. 10- 92. 50, 〉92. 50 mg / kg,and the corresponding K2 O fertilizer rates are 146- 191,117- 146,101- 117,89- 101,78- 89 and 0- 78 kg / hm^2 respectively. The plant height,grain number per panicle,filled grain number per panicle,POD and SOD activities showed significant differences among the different rates of N,P and K fertilizer input rates in the 10 field experiments,indicating the Fertilization Indexes System is applicable to fertilization