中文摘要：

背景 三磷酸腺苷（adenosine triphosphate， ATP）是一种普遍存在于周围和中枢神经系统的神经递质，以此类神经递质作为配体的受体称为嘌呤能受体。嘌呤能受体可分为离子通道型受体和代谢型受体。嘌呤能离子通道型受体7（purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7， P2X7）属于配体门控型非选择性离子通道。因其独特的结构、功能和分布特点，在炎症和疼痛中发挥着重要作用。 目的 综述P2X7受体在神经病理性疼痛方面的研究进展。 内容 P2X7受体的结构与分布；P2X7受体的生理功能；P2X7受体在病理性疼痛中的作用以及P2X7受体介导病理性疼痛的可能机制。 趋向 对P2X7受体与病理性疼痛的深入研究将为开发新一代镇痛药物提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

Background Adenosine triphosphate（ATP）, is a neurotransmitter commonly found in and around the central nervous system, and such neurotransmitter by combining body called purinergic receptors. These receptors can be divided into ion channel type receptors and metabotropic receptors. Purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7（P2X7） receptor is one of purinergic receptors, and belongs to ligand gating non selective ion channel. Because of its unique structure, function and distribution characteristics, it plays an important role in inflammation and chronic pain. Objective Progress in the study of P2X7 receptor in chronic pain was reviewed. Content Acting as an ion channel receptor, P2X7 receptor plays a critical role in chronic pain. Progress in the structure and expressing profile, the alteration of expressing following chronic inflammation and nerve injury, and the effect of inhibitors on chronic pain were reviewed. Trend Progress in the study of P2X7 receptor may provide theoretical foundation for the discovery of new analgesic agents.