中文摘要：

CRISPR/Cas系统是一种细菌在噬菌体长期选择压力下的获得性免疫系统。该系统是一段规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列（Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat,CRISPR）,具有保护细菌免遭外源DNA入侵的功能。该系统成功地被改造为第三代人工核酸内切酶,由于其突变效率高、制作简单及成本低的特点,目前已成功应用于人类细胞、干细胞、斑马鱼和小鼠以及植物的基因组精确修饰。CRISPR/Cas系统因其在结构上的特殊性以及功能上的特异性正逐渐成为整个生命科学研究领域的热点,被认为是一种具有广阔应用前景的基因组定点改造分子工具。回顾了CRISPR/Cas系统的研究历史,综述了近年来有关CRISPR系统的分类结构、作用机制以及最新应用进展,旨在为这一领域的科研工作提供参考。

英文摘要：

CRISPR / Cas was the elucidation of the prokaryotic adaptive immune system under bacteriophage exerted selection pressure and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats（CRISPR）, which protected bacteria to resist invading foreign DNA. This system was used as a gene-targeting technology to meditate multiple genome. For its easy operation,high efficiency and low cost, currently, this system was also used to modify the genome of human cell, IPS, zebra, mouse and plant by researchers and showed powerful ability to edit gene. CRISPR was becoming a hot spot in the field of bacteriology and was considered that it would replace existing technique because of the unusual structure and specific function.In this paper, we reviewed the history of CRISPR / Cas and summarized the recent research progress in the structure,classification,application and mechanism of the CRISPR. This review will provide the reference value for researchers who are interested in this new technique in their studies.