中文摘要：

目的对苯中毒、石棉肺、有害气体中毒者体细胞及生殖细胞的遗传损伤程度进行比较，为职业病防护与生殖健康研究提供依据。方法用常规法检测174名职业病患者（包括48例苯中毒、71例石棉肺、55例有害气体中毒）及80名健康人员的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率和微核发生率，并取男性精液行精子畸形率与突变检测。结果3组患者染色体畸变率、微核发生率和精子畸形率依次为：苯中毒患者0．4％、1．52‰、（62±14）％；石棉肺患者0．51％、2.31‰、（41±7）％；有害气体中毒患者0．42％、1．55‰、（48±8）％，均明显高于对照组[0．20％、0．34‰、（27±5）％]，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。石棉肺组的染色体畸变率和微核发生率高于其他组，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；苯中毒组的精子畸形率高于其他组，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。此外，在苯中毒患者精子中检测到了遗传物质的新突变。结论苯中毒、石棉肺、有害气体中毒者不仅存在体细胞遗传物质的损伤，还可能发生生殖细胞的遗传突变。

英文摘要：

Objective To compare the extent of genetic damages in somatic and germ cells from patients of benzene poisoning, silicosis and gas poisoning, which may provide clues for protection and reproductive healthcare. Methods 174 patients with three types of occupational disease （including 48 with benzene poisoning, 71 with silicosis and 55 with gas poisoning） and 80 healthy controls had their aberrant chromosome and micronuclei rates measured with routine methods. Male patients also had their sperm samples measured for sperm abnormities and de novo mutations. Results The aberrant chromosome rate, micro-nuclei rate and sperm abnormity were as followed： benzene poisoning 0.4%, 1.52‰, （62±14）%; silicosis 0.51%, 2.31‰, （41± 7）%; harmful gas poisoning 0.42%, 1.55‰, （48±8）%, all being significantly higher than those of the controls [0.20%, 0.34‰, （27±5）% ]. The aberrant chromosome and micro-nuclei rates of silicosis group were higher than other two groups, but without statistical significance. Sperm abnormity of benzene poisoning group was significantly higher than that of other groups. In addition, de novo mutations in sperm of benzene poisoning group were detected. Conclusion Patients with the studied occupational diseases not only have genetic damage in their somatic cells, but also acquire de novo mutations in germ cells.