中文摘要：

目的：检测维甲酸（Retinoic acid，RA）诱导小鼠胚胎腭裂模型中胎鼠舌体发育过程中肌相关 microRNAs（MyomiRs）、成肌调节因子（Myogenic regulatory factors，MRFs）以及 Pax 基因的表达变化，探究 MyomiRs 在舌肌分化过程中的调控作用，推测RA 致胎鼠腭裂伴发舌异常的可能机制。方法：建立 RA 诱导小鼠胚胎腭裂模型，分别在 E13．5、E14．5、E15．5收集胎鼠舌体组织，用 SYBR GreenⅠ实时定量 PCR 检测舌体中 MRFs 和 Pax 基因的表达；用 TaqMan 探针实时定量 PCR 检测舌体中 MyomiRs 的表达。结果：胎鼠舌体发育过程中，正常组 miR-1和 miR-206相对表达量均持续上升，RA 诱导组二者变化趋势与正常组相似，但相对表达量均低于正常组，miR-1的结果在 E14．5和 E15．5具有统计学意义（P ＜0．01），miR-206的结果在 E13．5具有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。正常组和 RA 诱导组胎鼠舌体中 MyoD 和 Myf5相对表达量都在 E14．5达到峰值，随后下降。RA 诱导组 MyoD 的表达在 E14．5显著低于正常组（P ＜0．05），在 E15．5显著高于正常组（P ＜0．01）；RA 诱导组 Myf5的表达在 E15．5显著低于正常组（P ＜0．05）。正常组和 RA 诱导组胎鼠舌体中 Pax3表达均在 E14．5达到峰值，Pax7表达均在 E15．5达到峰值。RA 诱导组 Pax3的表达在 E14．5显著高于正常组（P ＜0．05）；Pax7的表达则在 E13．5显著高于正常组（P ＜0．01）。结论：在舌肌分化过程以及RA 诱导腭裂胎鼠的舌发育异常中，miR-1／miR-206与 Pax3／Pax7及 Myf5／MyoD 的表达趋势具有相关性。RA 可能通过下调 miR-1／miR-206而靶向上调 Pax3／Pax7，进而下调 MyoD ／Myf5表达，从而抑制舌肌分化，导致舌肌发育异常。

英文摘要：

Objective：To research the mechanisms of the muscle-specific microRNAs in the tongue′s differentiation of the retinoic acid induced tongue dysplasia by measuring the expression of MyomiRs,MRFs and Pax3 /Pax7.Methods：A retinoic acid induced tongue dysplasia mouse model was established.The tongues were collected at E13.5,E14.5 and E15.5.The expression levels of MyomiRs, MRFs and Pax3 /Pax7 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results：During the tongue development,the expression of miR-1 and miR-206 kept on rising both in the tongues of RA-treated mice and normal ones.While the expression of miR-1 and miR-206 in the RA-treated mice′s tongues was less than in the normal ones.The results of miR-1 at E14.5 and E15.5 had statistical significance （P〈0.01） and the results of miR-206 at E13.5 had statistical significance （P〈0.05）.The expression of MyoD and Myf5 in the normal and RA-treated mice′s tongues reached the peak at E14.5 then decreased.At E13.5 and E14.5,the expression of MyoD in the RA-treated mice′s tongues was less than the controls.But at E15.5,the expression of MyoD in the RA-treated mice′s tongues was higher （P〈0.01）.And at E14.5 and E15.5,the expression of Myf5 in the RA-treated mice′s tongues was lessthan the normal subjects.During the tongue myo-genesis of normal and RA-treated mice the expression of Pax3 in the tongue reached the peak at E14.5,and the expression of Pax7 in both of them reached the peak at E15.5.Compared to the normal mice,the expression of Pax3 was higher at E14.5 （P〈0.05）,and the ex-pression of Pax7 was higher at E13.5 （P〈0.01）in the RA-treated mice′s tongues.Conclusions：During the tongue myogenesis,miR1 /miR-206,Pax3 /Pax7 and Myf5 /MyoD were associated.In the retinoic acid induced tongue dysplasia,the correlation still existed.RA may down-regulate miR-1 /miR-206 which targeted on Pax3 /Pax7,following down-regulate the expression of MyoD /Myf5 to inhibit the myogen-esis in tongues of RA-treated mice,resulted in tongue dysplasia.