中文摘要：

石墨相氮化碳（g-C3N4）是一种新型的无金属材料，因其具有众多特殊的理化性质，在多相催化、光催化、燃料电池和气体储存等领域显示出了潜在的应用前景。与直接热聚合法制得的块状g-C3N4相比，介孔g-C3N4拥有高比表面和丰富的介孔孔道，能暴露更多的表面活性位，继而提升其在催化反应等应用方面的性能。热聚合法是合成g-C3N4的最为便利的方法。其中，热聚合法合成介孔g-C3N4的工艺分为硬模板法、软模板法和无模板法。本文对近十年来国内外这三种合成工艺的研究进展进行了综述。特别是针对硬模板法，从前驱体合成机理、产品理化性质等多角度评述了硬模板法合成介孔g-C3N4的关键问题。此外，针对新型的软模板法和无模板法进行了介绍，并与硬模板法进行了细致的对比和讨论。最后，对介孔g-C3N4合成工艺的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Graphitic carbon nitride （g-C3N,） is a new metal-free material. Owing to its multiple unique physicochemical properties, g-C3N4 has promising applications in various research fields, including heterogeneous catalysis, photocatalysis, fuel cells, and gas storage. Compared with bulk g-C3N4 prepared via direct thermal condensation, mesoporous g-C3N4 possesses a higher surface area and abundant accessible mesoporous pores. These features expose many more surface active sites, thereby improving the performance of this material in catalysis as well as in other applications. Thermal condensation is the most convenient strategy to prepare g-C3N4 and, when fabricating mesoporous g-C3N4, one may employ hard-, soft-, or non-templating method. This paper reviews recent advances in the synthesis of mesoporous g-C3N4 using all three routes. Specifically, several crucial issues regarding the hard-templating method are discussed with regard to the synthetic mechanism associated with various precursors and the physicochemical properties of the g-C3N, products. Novel soft- and non-templating approaches for the preparation of mesoporous g-C3N4 are also addressed and a detailed comparison to the hard-templating method is provided. Finally, future prospects for the development of mesoporous g-C3N4 materials are also assessed.