中文摘要：

为什么我国代工企业难以转型？当前文献大多注意到了技术积累的缺乏是一个重要原因。但现实并非如此简单，本土代工企业一直在进行学习，但很多企业依然陷入微笑曲线困境而且鲜有成功者。我们认为，这主要是由于一些不成功的企业虽然试图学习但不会学习。对于这种学习失效的现象，我们认为本质问题在于组织效率与适应的矛盾，使得代工企业在成长的过程中形成了盲点而影响了转型升级。最后我们提出代工企业需要通过两种学习模式转化来克服这种学习失效的问题。

英文摘要：

Why is it so tough for local OEMs upgrading？ Existing literature mostly emphasizes the shortage of technology accumulation. However, Local OEMs have always been learning from others. With the declining of marginal benefit, few could succeed and most of them are trapped in the smile curve line. Why？ We think it is because some OEMs are good at learning, then succeed and others not. We call this learning dysfunction, and point out that paradox of efficiency and effectiveness is the main reason, which forms the organization growth blinds in the development of OEMs. In the last part we also provid that local OEMs should overcome learning dys function by two kinds of transformation of learning mode.