中文摘要：

采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅立叶红外光谱（FT-IR），比较研究了17例正常人和16例尿石症患者尿液中纳米和微米晶体．结果表明，正常人尿液中晶体分散较为均匀，尺寸较小且较圆钝，大都在2～20μm之间；而结石病人尿液中晶体聚集体较多，棱角较尖锐，尺寸较大且分布也不均匀，从5μm到70μm不等，这导致其聚集倾向增加，形成尿石的几率增大．正常人尿晶体以结晶态物质为主，主要为草酸钙、磷酸三钙和尿酸；尿石症患者尿晶体主要为磷酸铵镁、草酸钙、尿酸和磷酸三钙，正常人尿液中二水草酸钙（COD）含量高于尿石症患者．上述差异归因于正常人和患者之间理化性质的差异以及正常人尿液中抑制剂的浓度及其活性比尿石患者的高，能抑制尿液中微晶的生长和聚集；并且患者体内的尿路细胞膜受到损伤也会引起患者尿液中粒子聚集．

英文摘要：

Urinary nanocrystals and crystallites of 17 healthy persons and 16 lithogenic patients were comparatively investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared （FT- IR） spectroscopy. The results showed that the crystals in healthy urines are round with the size distribu- tion between 2 gtm to 20 gtm. However, the nanoparticles in patient urines are sharp with the size range from 5 gtm to 70 gtm and more. The narrow size distribution of particles in normal urines make these par- ticles existed stably. On the contrary, the broad size distribution in patient urines make them easily ag- gregated and stones formed finally. Most of the particles in urines of healthy persons were crystalline ma- terial. The main composition of urinary crystallites in healthy persons were calcium oxalate, whitlockite and uric acid. However, the main composition of urinary crystallites in lithogenic patients were magnesi- um ammonium phosphate, calcium oxalate, uric acid and whitlockite. In health persons, the number of COD was more than that in lithogenic patients. These differentiations were explained by the different physical and chemical characters and the concentration and activity of urinary inhibitors in healthy urines were higher than that in lithogenic urines. The inhibitors in healthy urine have higher strong ability than that in lithogenic urines. It can inhibit the growth and aggregation of urinary nanoparticles. And the urethra mucosa injury from metabolic abnormalities can induce the aggregation of crystals in lithogenic urines.