中文摘要：

介绍了2014年上海天文台卫星激光测距系统的常规观测、系统升级改造及科研实验情况。在主副镜完成用1064nm波长镀膜的基础上，突破激光指向监视、发散角调节等关键技术，国内首次完成1064nm波长激光对卫星的测量；通过引进10kHz激光器，以及解决超高重复频率的事件记录、控制采集等关键技术，国际上首次实现i0kHz重复频率激光测距，最远探测距离达40000km；使用200Hz重复频率60w大功率激光器及低噪高效探测器，基于60厘米望远镜完成最远距离2200km的激光测距、雷达散射截面fradarcross—section，RCS）最小为0．3m0的空间碎片测量，并成功实现1．56米望远镜的空间碎片激光测距。

英文摘要：

This paper is a report on satellite laser ranging （SLR） in the field of routine observations, improvements of our measurement system and scientific experiments performed at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory in 2014. Based on the 1064 nm telescope optical system completed in last year, after the key techniques of monitoring 1064 nm laser pointing and controlling the divergence angle etc. have been solved, SLR with 1064 nm wavelength is realized in China for the first time. After the key techniques, such as event epoch recording and the event epoch data collection etc., have been implemented, SLR with 10 kHz repetition rate is realized in the world for the first time, and the detection distance is up to 40 000 kin. Based on the 60 cm telescope, the debris with distance of up to 2200 km or RCS of less than 0.3 m2 has been achieved through applications of the 60 W @ 200 Hz laser and the low noise detector. The 1.56 m telescope has received the echo from some debris successfully.