中文摘要：

汞污染因毒性大、致毒结果严重而备受关注，水环境尤其是水源水的汞污染严重威胁人体健康。近年来，国内外对汞的生物毒性进行了广泛深入的研究。归纳了近年来关于汞对水生生物，包括水生植物、鱼类、贝类、藻类及两栖类毒性效应和毒害机理的研究进展，并提出今后不仅要研究不同水生生物对汞形态的转化方式和转化机理，还要进一步寻找对低浓度汞污染最敏感的指示生物和监测指标。

英文摘要：

This paper intends to make a research progress review over the toxic effects and the toxic mechanism of mercury on the aquatic organisms, with its focus on articulating the toxic effects of mercury on the aquatic plants, fish species, algae and some amphibian species of organisms. So far as the research advances are concerned, the toxic effects of mercury on the aquatic organisms are mainly focused on the following aspects： the acute and chronic toxicity of mercury to the aquatic organisms, the accumulation and scattering of mercury in aquatic organisms, the effects of mercury on the growth of the organisms concerned, the morphological structure and cellular ultra-structure of the aquatic organisms, and the influence of mercury on the physiological and biochemical metabolism of the said aquatic organisms. As is well known, in the past decades, lots of specialists and researchers have conducted extensive and profound research on the mercury about its toxicity. Aquatic organisms have to expose themselves directly to the aquatic environment polluted by the toxic mercury. As for the amphibian creatures, one of the most significant organism groups linking aquatic environment and terrestrial environment, the toxic effect of mercury concentrate on its larval stage. Though there may exist differences between inorganic and organic mercury about their toxicity to the aquatic organisms, the aquatic organisms are themselves capable to transmit different species of mercury in the aquarium systems. Therefore, it is not only for us to study the capacity of different aquatic organisms to transform one mercury from one form to another but also search for the most sensitive bio-indicator and monitoring program for lower level mercury pollution. In so doing, this paper can be made to serve as a theoretical basis for preventing and controlling mercury pollution, fishery protection, as well as the starting basis for further research in the field.