中文摘要：

卵泡的形成和分化是在激素、卵巢内调节因素以及细胞间相互作用的精密调控下发生的序贯过程。细胞增殖与凋亡的平衡在优势卵泡的筛选中发挥着重要作用。原始生殖细胞在生殖嵴内的迁移和归巢需要诸多因素的协同调控，包括卵母细胞源性多肽生长因子、生长分化因子9、骨形态发生蛋白、干细胞因子（stem cell factor, SCF）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF）、转录因子肾母细胞瘤蛋白1 （Wilms’ tumour 1,Wt1）等，同时这一过程还需要原始生殖细胞在逐渐成熟的性腺刺激下与细胞外基质蛋白、细胞基质进行相互作用。卵丘-卵母细胞复合体的形成以及排卵的发生直接受黄体生成素（luteinizing hormone, LH）的调控，同时需要卵巢颗粒细胞中丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的活化参与其中。本文将对卵泡发育和分化以及排卵过程中涉及的细胞间作用以及信号转导的关键分子做一综述，重点关注卵母细胞以及体细胞产生的信号因子。

英文摘要：

Follicular development and differentiation are sequential events which are tightly regulated by endocrine hormones, intra- ovarian regulators and cell-cell interactions. Balanced cell proliferation and apoptosis play an important role in the selection of dominant follicle. Primordial germ cell migration and homing within the gonadal ridge requires regulation by integrated signals, such as the oocyte-secreted polypeptide growth factors, the growth and differentiation factor 9, the bone morphogenetic proteins, stem cell factor （SCF）, basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF）, the transcription factor Wilms’ tumour 1 （Wt1）, and involves the contact of primordial germ cells with extra-cellular matrix proteins and cellular substrates and attraction by the developing gonads. Maturation of cumulus- oocyte complexes and ovulation are directly controlled by luteinizing hormone （LH） and require activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in granulosa cells. In this review, the key molecules involved in the cell-cell interaction and signal transduction during follicular development, differentiation and ovulation will be summarized, mainly focusing on the signaling factors produced by oocyte and the somatic cells.