中文摘要：

核糖开关是一种RNA固有的基因表达调控系统。近年来，核糖开关的应用受到科研工作者的广泛关注，其结构与功能的研究也越来越受到重视。核糖开关具有哪些结构特征和调控机制，它是如何识别目的配体，又怎样与目的配体紧密结合，全面了解这些机制将为探索新型核糖开关，设计人工高效核糖开关提供重要思路。本文对核糖开关结构特征和调节机制、适体筛选、配体结合规律进行简要介绍。

英文摘要：

Riboswitches are new RNA-based regulation systems of gene expression. Their applications have attracted more and more attention, as well as study about the structures and mechanisms of riboswitches was emphasized. The key to explore new riboswitches and design efficient artificial riboswitches is to know their structural features, regulatory mechanisms, and how they recognize and bind ligand tightly. This article elaborates on the structural features, regulatory mechanisms, aptamer screening, and ligand-biding laws of riboswitches.