中文摘要：

多孔阳极氧化铝（PAA）模板具有六角有序排列的柱形孔,且孔径均匀可调,加之其良好的机械和热稳定性,在纳米材料领域得到了广泛研究和应用。近年来,人们通过改变铝阳极氧化条件制备出了多种特殊型纳米PAA模板,并利用这些模板结合物理或化学方法成功地合成了多种新型纳米功能材料。本文在简要介绍常规纳米PAA模板制备的基础上,较全面地综述了诸如孔道呈分叉形、锯齿形、骨形、倒圆锥形,孔洞呈菱形、三角形、正方形,孔道或孔壁结构呈周期性变化等特殊型纳米PAA模板的制备,揭示了电场强度和电解液种类、温度在PAA孔洞形貌尺寸调控方面的重要性,并展望了这类模板的发展方向及应用前景。

英文摘要：

Porous anodic alumina（PAA） templates have been used widely and studied extensively due to their excellent mechanical and thermal stabilities,highly-ordered hexagonal nanochannel-array architecture and controllable pore structures.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the field of PAA synthesis and a variety of special type PAA templates have been prepared by precisely adjusting the anodizing conditions.By means of the special templates,many novel functional nanomaterials have been synthesized successfully via physical or chemical processing routes.After a brief introduction to the fabrication methods of conventional PAA templates,this paper presents a comprehensive review on the fabrication approaches of PAA templates with special nanopore arrays（e.g.,branched,serrated,bone-shaped or inverted cone nanopores）;diamond,triangle or square pore patterns;modulated pore structures with different diameters,lengths,geometries,and periodicity.Several critical factors including the applied electric field,temperature,type and concentration of the electrolyte which determine the pore modulation of PAA are emphasized.Finally,the development trend and future prospects of the special templates are given.