中文摘要：

作为一国经济的核心增长极，超大型城市的产业创新升级至为关键。如何从更高阶产业中持续获取递增收益．以平衡同步攀升的异质性人口集聚成本，并弥补“创造性破坏”带来的传统产业收益耗散，加快增长方式向知识驱动转变是关键，也是世界难题。其中的主要难点在于，如何延续传统增长理念的规模化创新投入，并使其自动转为预期的经济绩效。文章基于企业家资本理论的拓展分析，对上海在创新方面“苦种薄收”的现象进行了三个层次的系统剖析：（1）测度并讨论了考虑高技术企业家活动的上海创新表现与经济增长的关系；（2）论证了上海知识生产机制、政治经济周期以及创业壁垒等现存企业家资本要素对高技术企业家活动的影响；（3）进一步探究了上海本土企业家资本与过往偏重“大、公、洋”传统跨越式发展模式的深层关联。文章分析认为，在知识经济新阶段，曾经证明成功的传统增长模式和发展格局，可能会通过知识型企业家资本和企业家活动的弱化对创新产生一定的抑制效应。上海要实现创新转型，应在关注创新投入的同时，大力培育改善企业家资本，积极实施具有“粘性”、“展性”和“弹性”的企业家政策，二者并重以实现“多种多收”。

英文摘要：

As the core economic growth pole in a country, industrial innova- tion upgrading in megacities is crucial.And the acceleration of the transformation of growth mode into knowledge-driven mode, which is also a world problem, is the key to the continuous acquirement of increasing returns from more advanced in- dustries to balance the synchronously increasing concentration costs of heterogene- ous population and compensate for the returns dissipation in traditional industries caused by creative destruction. Its main difficulty lies in how to continue with scaled innovation input which follows the traditional growth concept and make it automatically transform into expected economic performance. Based on the exten- sion analysis of entrepreneurship capital theory, this paper systematically explores the phenomenon of hard cultivation but few returns concerning innovation in Shanghai at three levels as follows： firstly, it measures and discusses the relation- ship between innovation performance and economic growth in Shanghai by taking high-tech entrepreneur activities into account; secondly, it confirms the effects of current entrepreneurship capital factors such as knowledge production mechanism, political economic cycle and entrepreneurial barriers on high-tech entrepreneur ac- tivities in Shanghai; thirdly, it further studies the deep correlation between local entrepreneurship capital and past traditional leapfrog development model placing emphasis on big, public and foreign features in Shanghai. It concludes that at the new stage of knowledge economy, traditional growth model and development pat- tern which have been proved to be successful may have some certain negative effects on innovation through weakening knowledge-based entrepreneurship capital and entrepreneur activities. In order to realize innovation transformation, Shanghai should place equal emphasis on making efforts to improve entrepreneurship capital and actively implementing entrepreneur policy featured by stickiness, malleability and elasticity whe