中文摘要：

论述了结构陶瓷材料的非破坏性测试和力学性能评价新技术的系列新技术。包括材料表面局部强度的非破坏性测试，位移敏感压痕技术和痕迹预测。这些新方法可以对服役中的陶瓷材料和部件进行在线测试和可靠性预测，为脆性陶瓷的工程应用和安全检测提供了一种简易的评价手段。

英文摘要：

A series of new techniques for measuring mechanical properties and nondestructive testing method were introduced. The main principle and testing approach include： i） Evaluating the local strength of brittle materials by using spherical indentation. It was found that initiation of Hertzian crack depends on the mean stress within a surface thickness related with material properties, but independent of the peak stress. The maximum mean stress for crack initiation was a constant and was defined as the local strength of the specimen at the contact position. The comparison among the local strength, bending strength, and tensile strength was made. ii） The relationship between elastic modulus and hardness was established based on depth-sensing indentation measurements. It is found that the two properties are related through a material parameter that is defined as the recovery resistance Rs. This parameter is shown to represent the energy dissipation during indentation, iii） Properties prediction by residual indent trail. An analytical relationship between the ratio of hardness to reduced modulus H/Er and the geometry of a residual indent is established. Various material parameters, including elastic parameters, recovery deformation and energy dissipation capacity, are uniquely determined by the value of H/Er, so that they can be estimated from a residual indent trail. Thus, we are able to know what has happened in the material simply by analyzing or comparing residual trails on the material. The new methods are available for in-situ testing and reliability prediction of structural ceramics. It is helpful and simple for security evaluation in engineering application of ceramics. Furthermore, testing devices for those tests were designed and made