中文摘要：

为了研究高放废物处置库中入渗地下水中阳离子与膨润土发生离子交换反应进而对膨润土的膨胀性能产生不利影响的科学问题,将高庙子钠基（GMZ01）膨润土分别与氯化钠、氯化钙和氯化镁溶液相混合,通过对溶液混合后试样进行矿物含量和交换性阳离子含量测试,结合溶液混合试样在蒸馏水中的膨胀变形试验,研究GMZ01膨润土阳离子交换反应后膨胀性能的变化情况.结果表明,GMZ01膨润土与NaCl混合后交换性Na＋量略有增加,用浓度为1mol/L NaCl与2mol/L NaCl溶液混合试样在蒸馏水中的膨胀性差距较小;与1mol/L CaCl2和1mol/L MgCl2溶液混合后,Ca~（2＋）和Mg~（2＋）置换了Na＋,导致这2种溶液混合试样的膨胀性能均小于2mol/L NaCl溶液混合试样,表明Ca~（2＋）和Mg~（2＋）等二价阳离子对钠基膨润土的膨胀性有较强的抑制作用.

英文摘要：

The scientific problem of negative influence on bentonite swelling characteristics due to the ionexchange reaction between cations in infiltration groundwater and bentonite was analyzed. Gaomiaozisodium bentonite （GMZ01） was mixed with sodium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloridesolution respectively. The mineral content and exchangeable cation content of the salt mixed samples weretested, and the swelling characteristics were tested in distilled water to analyze the changes in swellingproperties of GMZ01 bentonite after cation exchange reaction. Results showed that the exchangeable Na＋content of GMZ01 bentonite mixed with NaCI slightly increases, The swelling characteristics of bentonitemixed with 1 mol/L NaC1 or 2 mol/L NaC1 solution slightly differ when it tested in distilled water. Aftermixed with 1 mol/L CaC12 and 1 mol/L MgClz solution, Na＋ is replaced by Caz＋ and Mg2＋ , which causedthe swelling properties of these two solution mixed samples to be less than 2 mol/L NaC1 mixed samples.The divalent cations such as Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ have a strong inhibitory effect on the swelling properties ofsodium bentonite.