中文摘要：

了解鸟类种群的性比状况,就要找到一种适合该种群的快捷方便、采样量少、鉴定精度高的性别鉴定方法,并利用此方法统计该种群性比现状.总结了并比较了鸟类性别鉴定的各种方法,并指出针对性染色体特异基因序列（CHD基因）的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）方法,是迄今发现适用范围最广、最为简单快捷、准确可靠的、常见的鸟类性别鉴定的方法.介绍了利用该方法对鸟类性比研究的进展.

英文摘要：

It is necessary and useful to find a safe, convenient and accurate method of avian sex identification for the sex ratio study. This paper compared all kinds of methods of avian sex identification, and indicated that PCR, based on Z and W chromosome - linked genes （CHD）, is the simplest, cheapest and the most common molecular method. We also reviewed the recent progress in avian sex ratio by this method.