中文摘要：

根据结构极限分析定理，提出了计算刚架极限荷载的荷载增量法、线性规划法．荷载增量法引入动态单元定位向量的概念，根据结构塑性铰出现的位置依次更改其对应的单元定位向量，通过循环迭代计算结构极限荷载．线性规划法是一种在一定结构约束条件下求函数极值的方法．通过平移变换并引入松弛变量，可以将极限荷载问题转化为标准线性规划问题，用单纯形法计算结构极限荷载．算例分析表明，荷载增量法和线性规划法均能得到结构的极限荷载．平面刚架极限分析的解析法可以丰富结构力学的内容，并可用于解决实际工程问题．

英文摘要：

：Based on the structural ultimate analysis theorem, load increment method and linear programming method are proposed to calculate the ultimate load. Load increment method introduces the dynamic element locator vector. Based on the locations of structural plastic joints, their corresponding element locator vectors are changed in turn. Then the ulti- mate load of structure is resolved by iteration and the linear programming method is used to calculate function extreme val- ue, which can meet some structural restraint conditions. Through transformation and slack variables introduction, ulti- mate load problem can be changed to normative linear programming problem. Using simplex method, the structural ulti- mate load can be calculated. The results of calculation example show that the applications of both load increment method and linear programming method can be used to predict structural ultimate load. Analytical method of ultimate analysis of plane frame can enrich the contents of structural mechanics and solve practical engineering problems.