中文摘要：

介绍了合成孔径激光雷达的基本原理和优缺点,简述了高分辨率合成孔径激光雷达的国内外研究进展。围绕成像分辨率和成像时间这两个关键指标,从系统设计和成像算法这两个角度分析了合成孔径激光雷达的发展趋势。分析表明利用参考通道的系统结构代替传统的单一通道的系统结构,可以降低激光器输出信号的非线性误差对成像分辨率的影响。在匹配参考通道的基础上,采用非匹配通道和成像算法在保证系统成像分辨率条件下,提高了合成孔径激光雷达系统的实用性。指出利用光学处理器的全光结构代替单纯依靠成像算法进行数据处理,是一种新颖的实现实时成像方法,是高分辨率合成孔径激光雷达的一个发展方向。进一步指出了在校正算法方面,有待进一步研究的问题。

英文摘要：

This paper firstly describes the principle and the merits and demerits of synthetic aperture lidar, and analyzes the development of the synthetic aperture lidar at home and abroad. The development trends of synthetic aperture lidar in the system design and compensation algorithm have been summarized around improving the resolution and processing time.The review pointes out that the system with target path and reference path takes the place for the system with target path to reduce the affect of phase error and to improve the resolution. The practicability of the synthetic aperture lidar can be improved by the means of the system of mismatched reference channal which roots in the matched reference channal. And then, the review point out the another trend that the all-optronic synthetic aperture lidar system which completes with image reconstruction based on optronic processing has more real-time processing capability than that traditional system which uses the digital approachs. Finally, this paper proposes some qustions which will be further considered in the compensation algorithm.