中文摘要：

工业革命以来大气CO2浓度不断上升,其源汇机制和时空变化成为学界关注的焦点。岩石特别是硅酸盐类岩石的化学风化是全球生物地球化学循环的重要碳汇。控制化学风化速率的因素较为复杂,各因素作用的机理和重要性还不完全明确。源于人类排放的H2SO4普遍参与到化学风化过程中,这加快了流域化学风化的速率,但这一过程对碳汇效应的影响机理尚缺乏足够的研究。当前河流水化学研究中用来判断河水化学类型及离子来源的方法可分为定性和定量两类,前者有Gibbs图法、三角图法和端元图法等;后者包括质量平衡法和同位素示踪法等。目前对影响流域化学风化速率因素的研究多侧重于对单一环境要素与风化速率之间响应关系的分析,在今后的研究中有必要介入更为严谨的数理统计方法;有关硫酸参与流域化学风化过程的研究成果还较少,随着酸雨现象日趋严重,这一课题的重要性日渐突出;在短时间尺度上碳酸盐岩化学风化的碳汇效应不可忽视,今后应加强对其研究。

英文摘要：

Since the industrial revolution atmospheric CO2 concentration has been rising,the topic about temporal and spatial variation of carbon sink and source has been a hotspot.Chemical weathering of mineral rocks especially silicates is an important carbon sink in global biological geochemistry cycle.Factors controlling chemical weathering rate are various but their importance and function mechanism deserve further studying.Human activities have made more and more sulfuric acid to take part in the chemical weathering process,it will accelerate the rate of chemical weathering while its function mechanism is complicated.At present the methods used to discriminate water chemistry and ion origin of rivers can be classified into qualitative and quantitative methods,the former contains Gibbs diagram,ternary diagram and end member diagram while the latter includes mass balance method and isotope tracer method.Nowadays researches about the factors controlling chemical weathering rate pay more attention to the correlation between single factor and chemical weathering rate,the introduction of the mathematical statistical methods will make the researches more rigorous and credible.In the processes of the chemical weathering sulfuric acid is seldom researched,with the increasingly serious acid rain phenomenon,the issues deserve important research value.The carbon sink effect due to carbonate chemical weathering on short timescale is unnegligible,which should be studied further.