中文摘要：

以大黄药渣为原料，磷酸为活化剂制备了超级活性炭，考察了浸渍磷酸质量分数、活化温度和时间对活性炭织构的影响；采用N，吸附、SEM、XRD、Fie—IR对活性炭进行了表征。结果表明：制备超级活性炭的条件为浸渍磷酸质量分数50％～80％、活化温度400—450℃、活化时间40～180rain；活化温度和浸渍磷酸质量分数对活性炭织构的影响较大，时间影响较小；用60％磷酸浸渍．在400℃活化60min生产的活性炭表面积达到2413m2·g-1，相应的微孔和介孔体积分别为0．91cm3·g-1和0．93cm3·g-1：活性炭孔道由多种结构的孔构成，除介孔和微孔外，最大的方形孔道中还分布着椭圆形的小孔，微孔则主要集中在Q6nm和1．0nm，而介孔在5．0nm以下；此外，在600℃下活化有石墨微晶产生。

英文摘要：

Super activated carbon was produced from Chinese herb residue rhubarb by dipping the rhubarb with phosphoric acid first and then carbonization. The influences of activation temperature, activation time and concentration of phosphoric acid on the textures of the super activated carbon obtained were investigated. Activated carbons were characterized using N2 adsorption, SEM, XRD and F＇I＇-IR. Results show that the conditions to prepare the super activated carbon was： 50%-80% of phosphoric acid, 400-450 ℃ of activation temperature and 40-180 min of activation time. The activation temperature and the concentration of phosphoric acid have greater influences than the activation time on the surface area and pore size distributions of the activated carbon. The pore size distributions of activated carbon covered a wide range of size. The mieropore distributed mainly at 0.6 nm and 1.0 nm, and the mesoporous size was less than 5.0 nm. Except mesopores and micropores, a square channels, with length of 40-110 ~m and width of 25-50 I~m, and smaller pores in the square channels were found in the presented activated carbon. Result also showed that the graphite crystallites were produced at the carbonization temperature of 600 ℃. The optimized condition to prepare the super activated carbon was dipping the rhubarb with 60% phosphoric acid and then carbonizing at 400 ℃ for 60 min. At this condition, a super activated carbon with the surface area of 2 413 m2· g-l, the microporous volume of 0.91 cm3.·g-1 and the mesoporous volume of 0.93 cm3· g-1 was produced.