中文摘要：

根据地面雨滴谱确立雷达反射率因子Z和雨强尺之间的关系需要大量的观测资料。本文利用GBPP0100型地面雨滴谱仪在沈阳、哈尔滨和河南观测的雨滴谱资料做形变误差订正后，用最小二乘法拟合三地的Z—R关系，并按照层状云、积层混合云和积雨云降水分类，确定了三种降水类型的Z-R关系。结果表明，Z-AR^b形式能够很好地描述以上的Z—R关系，对降水类型分类得到的Z-R关系代表性更好。系数A、b以层状云最小，积层混合云次之，积雨云最大。A值随着雨滴尺度的增大而增大，随数密度增大而减小，b值则随着数密度和雨滴尺度的共同增大而增大。

英文摘要：

Adequate samples are necessary in order to obtain highly reliable Z-R relationships as inferred from ground-based raindrop spectra. In 2003 and 1999, we measured raindrop size distribution at ground with the PMS GBPP-100 probe at Shenyang, Harbin and Tanghe and collected 14504, 15577 and 5441 samples, respectively. Based on this dataset, we found that Z-R relationships can be expressed as Z =AR^b for all three sites. Moreover, the Z-R relationship was highly accurate if drop spectra were classified as stratiform, convective and transitional regions. Using gamma raindrop size distribution and observation data, the variations of A and b of Z-R relation with concentration and diameter were discussed. The results show that the A value will be increased with increasing mean diameter and decreased with increasing concentration, and b increased with increasing concentration and mean diameter together.