中文摘要：

与从欧洲空间机构(ESA ) 的强壮的支持，上海天文台(邵) 组织了一追踪和用中国 VLBI 的小道联网的轨道决心(CVN ) 追踪火星快车，第一根火星探针由 ESA 发射了。用一个高分辨率的 VLBI 软件相关因子和内部地开发的 Doppler 测量系统，追踪数据， VLBI 和 Doppler 的二个集合，被获得。试用代表第一成功袭击控制了中国追踪一根探针大约 3.6 亿公里离开地球。追踪的数据用在邵开发的一个火星卫星轨道决心软件系统被分析。结果表演 5 s 的精确性综合 three-way-Doppler 数据是大约 0.3 mm/s，或粗略地象追踪数据的 ESA 的一样的精确性。放在 8 h 弧长度(大约 1 条轨道的革命) 和重建的轨道具有几百米的顺序的 ESA 的基于 Doppler 的轨道答案之间的差异。在准备因为俄国中国联合举办火星探索使命 Phobos-Grunt-YingHuo，模拟被执行分别地评估可完成的轨道的精确性层次和 VLBI 和 Doppler 数据的贡献。结果为能提供公里水平轨道解决方案的 VLBI 证明 Doppler 数据提供更好的轨道精确性， VLBI 测量的精确性需要被至少一个数量级改善。

英文摘要：

With strong support from European Space Agency （ESA）, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory （SHAO） organized a tracking and orbit determination trails using Chinese VLBI Network （CVN） to track Mars Express, the first Mars probe launched by ESA. Using a high-resolution VLBI software correlator and Doppler measurement system developed in-house, two sets of tracking data, VLBI and Doppler, were acquired. The trials represent the first successful foray held in China to track a probe about 360 million kilometers away from the Earth. The tracking data are analyzed using a Mars satellite orbit determination software system devel- oped at SHAO. The results show that the accuracy of 5 s integrated three-way-Doppler data is about 0.3 mrn/s, or roughly the same accuracy as ESA＇ s tracking data. Position discrepancies between the Doppler-based orbit solution of 8 h arc-length （about 1 orbital revolution） and ESA＇s reconstructed orbit are of the order of several hundred meters. In preparing for the Russia-China co-sponsored Mars exploration mission Phobos-Grunt-YingHuo, simulations were carried out to evaluate the achievable orbital accuracy levels and the contributions of VLBI and Doppler data respectively. Results show that Doppler data provide better orbit accuracy, so that for VLBI to be able to provide kilometer level orbit solutions, the accuracy of VLBI measurement needs to be improved by at least one order of magnitude.