中文摘要：

【目的】江汉平原为湖北省小麦主产区之一,小麦孕穗至成熟期空气相对湿度偏高是限制该地区小麦籽粒产量提高的重要气候因素。随着全球气候变化,在空气温度逐年升高的同时,空气中水汽的含量也在相应增加。论文旨在研究空气相对湿度升高对小麦的产量效应,以期为提高江汉平原小麦籽粒产量奠定理论基础。【方法】在系统分析江汉平原近30年空气相对湿度分布特征的基础上,通过人工气候室等设施于小麦孕穗期进行高空气湿度处理（处理时间为10 d）,并以外界空气湿度处理为对照,于处理第5天、处理第10天、恢复后第5天、恢复后第15天等时期取样,分析孕穗期空气相对湿度升高对小麦旗叶光合特性、旗叶及倒三叶SPAD值、叶片衰老进程、根系活力、株高、干物质积累量、籽粒产量及产量构成因素等的影响。【结果】（1）1983—2013年江汉平原空气相对湿度呈不规则波动,2—5年为一个周期,孕穗期空气相对湿度达78%以上年份有12个;2011—2012年度及2012—2013年度江汉平原小麦孕穗期空气相对湿度偏高,平均分别为77.4%和79.1%;表明江汉平原小麦孕穗期高空气湿度天气频繁出现。（2）人为增加空气相对湿度达100%条件下,与对照相比,旗叶及倒三叶SPAD值均降低,其中高空气湿度处理第5天差异不显著,第10天差异达显著水平;恢复正常空气湿度后,高空气湿度处理与对照间差异幅度缩小,但仍低于对照水平。（3）空气湿度升高对旗叶光合速率的影响与SPAD一致,即空气相对湿度升高,旗叶光合速率下降,撤除高空气相对湿度处理后,旗叶光合速率与对照间差异减小。（4）人为增加空气相对湿度达100%条件下,分析旗叶及倒三叶丙二醛含量及根系活力表明,空气相对湿度升高,叶片膜质过氧化加速、根系活力降低,撤除高空气湿度处理后,叶片膜质过氧化程度及根系活力?

英文摘要：

【Objective】 Jianghan Plain is one of the most important wheat producing areas in Hubei Province, and high relative air moisture is a major limitation on wheat grain yield. Under the conditions of global climate change, relative air moisture increased as well as air temperature. This research was carried out to study the effect of increasing relative air moisture on wheat grain yield, in order to provide a theoretical basis for promoting wheat production in Jianghan Plain. 【Method】The research was carried out based on the analysis of air moisture characteristics in Jianghan Plain from 1983-2013. During the experiment, air moisture was increased to 100% by artificial chamber for 10 days at booting stage of wheat, and the normal air moisture treatment was used as CK, samples were taken at 5 d, 10 d after high air moisture control, and 5 d, 15 d after recovery from all treatments. The effects of high air moisture on photosynthetic characteristics, SPAD value in flag leaf and top 3rd leaf, course of leaf senescence, root activity, plant height, and accumulation of dry matter, grain yield and yield components were studied. 【Result】Air moisture from 1983 to 2013 in Jianghan Plain fluctuated with a 2-5-year circle, and the average air moisture was over 80% during booting stage in most of the years. The air moisture at booting stage in Jianghan Plain in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 was high, and averaged 77.4% and 79.1%, respectively. Increasing air moisture at booting stage decreased SPAD value in flag leaf and top 3rd leaf, and the difference was not significant at 5 d later, but significant at 10 d later. When air moisture returned to normal, there was a difference in leaf SPAD value between high air moisture treatment and CK, but still inferior to CK. The effects of high air moisture on photosynthetic rate in flag leaf was in agreement with SPAD value. High air moisture reduced photosynthetic rate in flag leaf and removing high air moisture treatment, the difference between high air moisture treatment and CK re