中文摘要：

再制造与产品服务系统是制造企业提升竞争力、实现可持续发展的两个有效手段，前者通过高级形式的循环利用直接实现资源的节约减量化，后者则以服务提供的方式间接减少资源的消耗。然而，如同较高的技术和市场门槛限制了再制造的发展一样，产品与服务的设计、整合提供能力也影响着产品服务系统的实施。那么，再制造与产品服务融合的边界在哪里？企业该如何设计并实施可持续发展下的产品服务组合商业模式？融合再制造与产品服务提出闭环产品服务系统，并从交易费用角度对闭环产品服务系统的形成机理与内涵、运营要素进行深入分析。

英文摘要：

Remanufacture and product service system are the two effective ways for manufacturing enterprises to achieve enhanced competitiveness and sustainable development. The former makes dematerializations come true di-rectly by an advanced form of materials’closed loop, while the latter achieves that indirectly by the service offe-rings. Like the higher technology and market threshold impose restrictions to the development of remanufacturing, the design of product service and integrated offer ability do the same to the application of product service sys-tem. Therefore, where are the boundaries of the integration between remanufacture and product service system？ How to design and carry out the business model under sustainable development theory based on product service combination for the firms？ Based on remanufacture and product service system, from the perspective of transac-tion cost, this paper proposes closed-loop product service system, analyzes its formation mechanism, insights and operations factors. Inspired by this fundamental change of manufacturing enterprises’ business model, this paper has a big significance in theory and reality for the manufacturing enterprises of our country to deepen transforma-tion and upgrading.