中文摘要：

SiC／Al梯度功能材料试件各梯度单层由不同体积浓度的铝合金和陶瓷SiC复合而成，由于材料组分梯度变化，有效缓和了双材料界面的应变跳跃问题，从而能够获得了优异的使用性能，本文从实验的角度采用激光云纹干涉法，对具有四个梯度层的SiC／Al梯度功能材料紧凑拉伸试件在三种工况下进行实验研究。通过实验采集试件在各工况下的位移场云纹图，根据位移与条纹级数的关系以及小变形条件下应变与条纹级数关系式，获得梯度功能材料紧凑拉伸试件预制裂纹区的应变分布。通过实验结果与文献对比分析，在有关梯度功能材料的裂纹扩展准则的适用性方面取得一致结论；同时，就实验获得的应变结果，讨论了梯度功能材料的材料参数变化规律，以及材料组分和梯度层结构对FGM材料整体力学性能的影响。

英文摘要：

SiC/Al Functionally Gradient Materials （FGM） specimen have gradient layers made up of aluminum alloy and ceramic SiC and metal with different volume fractions. The strain jump occurs in the interface of bi-material are avoided in functionally gradient materials because of the gradient of the material property, the excellent appliction performance are obtained in FGM. The laser moire interferometry was spplied to study the mechanical behavious of layered FGM compact tension specimen under three engineering conditions, where the experimental method is based on the front wave interferometry principle. A comparison between experimental moire fringes and conclusions in references leads to an agreement about the application of crack propagation principle in FGM. Meanwhile, according to the acquired strain results, the elastic property change tendency in a FGM due to component variation was discussed; and the effects of material components and structure of gradient layer on mechanicla behavior of FGM body were investigated.