中文摘要：

核仁前体存在于卵母细胞及早期胚胎中,由于核仁前体在卵母细胞中的含量较少且结构致密,目前,只有少数核仁前体组分得到了鉴定.核仁前体结构的完整组成尚未被详细解析,明确核仁前体在胚胎早期发育过程中发挥的作用及其机制尚存挑战.早期的观点认为：核仁前体虽不具备加工rRNA及生成核糖体的功能,但该结构为纤维颗粒状核仁的生成提供了物质基础,从而使发育后期胚胎重获核糖体生成能力.近期,这一观点逐步得到了修正.基于显微操作技术的核仁前体转移实验证实：母源核仁前体在胚胎早期发育过程中发挥关键作用,且发挥作用的时间窗口限定在受精至原核期之间.核仁前体可参与染色质重塑过程并维持着丝粒稳定,进而影响胚胎早期发育.本文主要综述了核仁前体的结构功能特点及发挥作用的潜在机制,从核仁前体的角度为拯救早期胚胎的发育潜能提供新思路.

英文摘要：

Nucleolus precursor bodies exist in the oocytes and early embryos, and at present, the few components of nucleolus precursor bodies have been identified because of their less content and compact structures in the oocytes. The complete components of the structure ofnucleolus precursor bodies have not been elaborated, thereby clarifying the role of the nucleolus precursor bodies in the early embryonic development remains a challenge. The early view is that the nucleolus precursor bodies do not have the ability to process rRNA and generate ribosomes, but this structure provides the material basis for the formation of fibrillo-granular nucleoli, and therefore enabling the late development of embryos to regain the ability of ribosome generation. Recently, this view has been gradually modified. The transfer experiments based on the micromanipulation of nucleolus precursor bodies have confirmed that the maternal nucleolus precursor bodies play a key role in the early embryonic development and the time window of their actions is between fertilization and pronucleus stage. The nucleolus precursor bodies may participate in the process of chromatin remodeling and maintain centromere stability, furthermore affecting the development of early embryos. This article reviews the structure and function of nucleolus precursor bodies as well as the possible mechanism providing a new idea to profound understanding of the developmental potential of early embryos.