中文摘要：

露天堆积的煤矸石遭雨淋滤后易污染环境。以陕北矿区煤矸石为研究对象，利用自主研制淋滤仪器，模拟降雨工况，尝试不同降雨强度及矸石粒径条件下淋滤试验，结果表明：淋滤液电导率随时间表现为“快降—缓降—趋稳波动”3个阶段，Cr浓度随时间表现为“快降—缓降(或趋稳波动)”2个阶段；降雨强度增大68%时，大、小粒径组的电导率平均值分别降低18.9%、24.6%，Cr浓度平均值分别降低18.8%、22.0%；平均粒径增大50%时，大、小雨强组的电导率平均值分别降低4.0%、10.7%，Cr浓度平均值分别增大34.5%、29.2%。主要结论：矸石可溶元素释放呈指数衰减规律，雨强对可溶元素整体淋出水平更为敏感；Cr淋出过程与其他可溶物相似，遵循淋出浓度分段降低逐渐趋稳的规律，粒径对Cr淋出水平更为敏感；矸石风化面较新鲜面更早达到Cr释放峰值，导致淋滤后期浓度波动；可溶元素的整体释放水平决定于试样总表面积，但Cr主要由矸石风化表面淋出。

英文摘要：

The coal gangue of northern Shaanxi is set as the research object,a self-developed leaching instrumentwas used to simulate rainfall conditions,leaching experiments were attempted under different rainfallintensity and different grain size of gangue.The results are as follow:the leachate conductivity shows threestages,that is fast decline,slow decline and stable fluctuation with test time,the Cr concentration shows twostages:fast decline and slow decline(or stable fluctuation)with test time;With the increase of rainfall intensityby68%,the mean conductivity in large and small particle size groups are decreased by18.9%,24.6%,the Crmean concentration are decreased by18.8%and22.0%;With the increase of mean particle size by50%,themean conductivity in large and small rainfall intensity groups are decreased by4.0%and10.7%,the Cr meanconcentration are increased by34.5%and29.2%.The conclusions are:the release of soluble elements in gangueshows a law of exponential decay,rainfall intensity is more sensitive to the release of soluble elements;Crleaching process is similar to other soluble substances which follows the law that concentration decreases inseveral stages and stabilizes gradually,particle size is more sensitive to the release of Cr;Cr leachingconcentration peak appears earlier in weathered surface than fresh surface,which makes concentrationfluctuation in later stage of leaching;The overall release level of soluble element depends on the total samplesurface area,but Cr mainly releases through weathered surface of gangue.