中文摘要：

早期发育阶段是有机磷农药神经毒性作用最敏感的时期，海胆的胚胎和幼虫为研究有机磷农药对早期发育阶段的神经毒性作用提供了一种理想的模型。本文介绍了海胆的早期神经发育过程，综述了神经系统对海胆早期发育的调控作用。结合近年来国内外的研究。阐述了有机磷农药对海胆早期发育的影响及其神经毒性作用机制。并展望了该领域的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Despite their widespread use, organophosphate pesticides cause developmental neurotoxicity through a mechanism based on their function as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Animals in early developmental stages are especially vulnerable to developmental neurotoxicity induced by organophosphate pesticides. The embryos and larvae of sea urchin provride a promising invertebrate model system for evaluating developmental neurotoxicity induced by organophosphate pesticides, as they develop quickly with well-characterized morphological and biochemical features, possess similar processes of neurogenesis and signaling cascades to chordates, and are vulnerable to pollutants. Both the neurodevelpment of sea urchin during early development stage and the regulation on the early development were included. Particularly, the neurotoxic effects of organophosphate pesticides on the early development and its potential neurotoxicity mechanism for sea urchin are discussed, and future prospects of this field are provided.