中文摘要：

为探明干旱地区膜下滴灌玉米土壤水热盐效应及秋浇洗盐灌溉的效果,该文根据2014—2015年进行的田间试验,分析膜下滴灌不同灌溉制度下生育期土壤水分盐分剖面分布特性、土壤温度变化及对玉米产量品质的影响和非生育期洗盐灌溉（秋浇）效果。结果表明,不同滴灌制度下土壤剖面水分、盐分剖面分布极不均匀,盐分均由膜内向膜外地表裸露区定向迁移,趋于膜外地表积累。膜下滴灌土壤温度受气温、玉米叶面积指数、灌水及土壤含水率共同作用。灌水后各处理土壤温度均剧烈下降,2-3 d后恢复,玉米营养生长阶段控制灌水下限为-30 k Pa最有利于土壤温度积累。玉米生育期各处理膜内0-40 cm不积盐,控制灌水下限为-10 k Pa可有效淋滤0-100 cm土壤盐分,而其他处理对0-100 cm土层盐分的影响差异性短期内不明显,需对不同处理长期膜下滴灌的盐分进一步观测。非生育期洗盐灌溉效果显著,秋浇灌黄河水180 mm后,次年春播前0-100 cm土壤盐分平均下降10.86%-26.14%,剖面分布较均匀。河套灌区膜下滴灌土壤盐分调控建议为生育期滴灌灌溉制度和非生育期洗盐灌溉双重调控。玉米生育期灌水下限建议控制为-30 k Pa,非生育期洗盐灌溉由于河套灌区冻融影响及特殊的水文地质条件,膜下滴灌盐分累积到何种程度洗盐灌溉及具体合理的洗盐灌溉制度还需进一步深入研究。

英文摘要：

Along with the development of Northwest Water-saving and Benefit-increasing strategy in China, mulched drip irrigation is booming in Hetao Irrigation District because of its advantage in water saving and high production. However, soil salinization has been a potential risk factor in arid area, thus enough attention should be drawn in the management of soil salt. This research studied the influence of different mulched drip irrigation schedules （lower irrigation limits were -10, -20, -30 and -40 kPa, respectively） on water and salt profile distribution characteristics, soil temperature, maize production and quality. Moreover, the salt-leaching irrigation in non-crop growth period （i.e., autumn irrigation, which is a traditional irrigation custom in Hetao Irrigation District after crop was harvested in autumn to leach salt and store the water in soil for the next year） had also been investigated. The experiment was carried out in the year of 2014-2015. The irrigation quota for each treatment was 518.0, 444.7, 368.3 and 268.3 mm, respectively. The leaching irrigation amount was 180 mm. The soil samples were collected for moisture, salinity measurements. Soil temperature was also sequentially measured during the experiment. After harvest, the maize yield and quality were determined. The results showed that the distributions of soil water and salt profiles were uneven under different mulched drip irrigation schedules. Soil salt migrated from the central mulching soil to the bare field, tending to accumulate in surface soil layer outside the film during the mulched drip irrigation. Soil temperature was influenced by air temperature, leaf area index, irrigation practice and soil moisture comprehensively. Soil temperature dropped sharply after irrigation practice, and recovered 2-3 days later. The optimum accumulated soil temperature for the nutritive growth period of maize was -30 kPa. Salt accumulation at the depth of 0-40 cm inside the film in maize growth period was little for almost all the treatments. The t