中文摘要：

总结了汽车制动过程中摩擦层的生成及其对摩擦性能的影响和摩擦层结构的特征：（1）摩擦层具有组分依赖性,摩擦材料中使用的原材料决定摩擦层的组成并最终决定摩擦性能;（2）摩擦热导致摩擦化学反应发生而在摩擦层产生新物质;（3）摩擦层生成是动态的,具有不断生成、破坏、再生成、再破坏的循环过程;（4）摩擦层结构是变化的,与摩擦温度、压力、速度、气氛等条件有关;（5）摩擦层是可控的,通过控制摩擦层结构可以制备高性能（具有稳定摩擦因数、低磨损和低噪声）摩擦材料。

英文摘要：

The formation of friction layer during braking and its effects on friction performance were reviewed. Following characteristics of friction layer were summarized ： （ 1 ） Friction layer has compositional dependence that the raw materials used in friction formulation determine the structure of friction layer;（2）New phases in friction layer are formed due to tribochemical reactions ; （ 3 ） Friction layer is dynamic that formation, destroy, reformation, and redestroy occur; （4） Friction layer is changeable that depends on friction conditions such as temperature, pressure, speed, and environment ; and （5） Friction layer is controllable that high performance of friction materials with stable friction coefficient, low wear, and low noise can be received through life cycle assessment for debris and controlling the structure of the friction layer.