与硫氧化物、氮氧化物、一氧化碳以及悬浮颗粒一样,大部分挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染大气环境.控制VOCs排放有多种方法,其中催化氧化法是一种有效技术,关键在于获得高效催化剂.近年来,负载过渡金属和贵金属催化剂因具有比单纯负载贵金属和单纯负载过渡金属氧化物更好的催化性能而备受关注.在负载贵金属催化剂中,高比表面积载体负载Pt,Pd或Rh催化剂得到广泛而深入的研究,尽管这些催化剂成本较高,但是其对VOCs氧化反应显示了很高的低温催化活性.众所周知,催化活性取决于贵金属和VOCs的种类,不同负载贵金属催化剂对特定反应会表现出不同的催化活性.负载Pt催化剂对长链碳氢化合物和芳香族化合物氧化反应表现出更高的活性.相对于负载贵金属催化剂,负载过渡金属氧化物催化剂不仅具有良好的氧化活性,而且价格低廉.迄今已发现许多过渡金属氧化物(如Co3O4,Cr2O3和MnO2等)对典型VOCs氧化反应具有催化活性,其中Co3O4的催化活性尤为突出.研究表明,Co3O4的性质和分散度是决定其性能的关键因素,制备方法、载体性质和过渡金属氧化物负载量对Co3O4的物化性质具有重要影响,而且在负载Pt催化剂中添加金属氧化物能改善其催化性能.尽管多孔氧化铝是一种常用的载体材料,但目前尚无文献报道三维有序大孔-介孔氧化铝负载Co3O4和Pt纳米粒子催化剂的制备及其对甲苯氧化反应的催化性能.本文采用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微球胶晶模板法、等体积浸渍法和聚乙烯醇保护的硼氢化钠还原法制备了三维有序大孔-介孔(3DOM Al2O3)负载Co3O4和Pt(xP t/yCo3O4/3DOM Al2O3,Pt的质量分数(x%)为0-1.4%,Co3O4的质量分数(y%)为0-9.2%)纳米催化剂.通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱、X射线衍射、氮气吸附-脱附、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、选区电子衍射、X射线光电子能
Three-dimensionally ordered macro-/mesoporous alumina(3DOM Al2O3)-supported cobalt oxide and platinum nanocatalysts(xPt/yCo3O4/3DOM Al2O3,Pt mass fraction(x%)= 0-1.4%,Co3O4 mass fraction(y%) = 0-9.2%) were prepared using poly(methyl methacrylate) templating,incipient wetness impregnation and polyvinyl alcohol-protected reduction.The resulting xPt/yCo3O4/3DOM Al2O3 samples displayed a high-quality 3DOM architecture with macropores(180-200 nm in diameter) and mesopores(4-6 nm in diameter) together with surface areas in the range of 94 to 102m~2/g.Using these techniques,Co3O4 nanoparticles(NPs,18.3 nm) were loaded on the 3DOM Al2O3 surface,after which Pt NPs(2.3-2.5 nm) were uniformly dispersed on theyCo3O4/3DOM Al2O3.The1.3Pt/8.9Co3O4/3DOM Al2O3 exhibited the best performance for toluene oxidation,with a T(90%) value(the temperature required to achieve 90%toluene conversion) of 160 ℃ at a space velocity of20000 mL g~(-1) h~(-1).It is concluded that the excellent catalytic performance of the 1.3Pt/8.9Co3O4/3DOM Al2O3 is owing to well-dispersed Pt NPs,the high concentration of adsorbed oxygen species,good low-temperature reducibility,and strong interaction between the Pt and Co3O4 NPs,as well as the unique bimodal porous structure of the support.